Learn How to Check for Breast Cancer at Home. A simple guide to performing self-exams and understanding breast health, early detection, and when to see a doctor.
How to Check for Breast Cancer at Home: A Step-by-Step Guide
Breast cancer is a serious health concern, but early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes. While self-exams are not a replacement for regular screening by a medical professional (like mammograms), they are a valuable tool for becoming familiar with your breasts and noticing any changes that warrant further investigation. This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to perform a breast self-exam at home.
When to Perform a Self-Exam
The best time to perform a self-exam is usually a few days after your period ends, when your breasts are least likely to be tender or swollen. If you are no longer menstruating, choose a consistent day each month to perform your exam. Consistency is key – it’s about knowing what’s normal for you. Don’t worry if you feel a bit lumpy; many women have naturally lumpy breasts. The important thing is to identify any *new* lumps or changes.
Visual Inspection in Front of a Mirror
Begin by standing in front of a mirror with your shoulders straight and your arms at your sides. Visually inspect your breasts for the following:
- Changes in size or shape
- Swelling or dimpling
- Puckering or bulging of the skin
- Redness, scaliness, or thickening of the nipple or breast skin
- A nipple that has changed position, become inverted (pulled inward), or changed shape
Next, raise your arms above your head and repeat the visual inspection, looking for the same changes. Then, place your hands on your hips and press firmly, flexing your chest muscles. Observe your breasts again, looking for any unusual changes or differences.
Manual Examination While Standing
Place one arm behind your head. Use the pads of the three middle fingers of your opposite hand to examine the breast in a circular motion. Use different levels of pressure: light, medium, and firm. Make sure to cover the entire breast, from your collarbone to your bra line, and from your armpit to your sternum.
Many find it helpful to use a pattern when checking. You can move in small circles, an up-and-down pattern, or a wedge pattern. The important thing is to be consistent each time you check. Don’t forget to check your armpit area for any lumps or swelling. Repeat on the other breast.
Manual Examination While Lying Down
Lie down on your back with a pillow under your shoulder on the side you are examining. This flattens the breast tissue and makes it easier to feel for lumps. Use the same technique as when standing, examining your breast using the pads of your fingers in a circular motion with varying pressure. Remember to cover the entire breast area, including the armpit. Repeat on the other side.
Checking the Nipple
Gently squeeze the nipple to check for any discharge. Note the colour and consistency of any discharge, and report it to your doctor.
What to Look For
During your self-exam, be aware of any of the following:
- A new lump or thickening in the breast or underarm area
- A change in the size or shape of the breast
- Dimpling or puckering of the skin on the breast
- Inverted nipple
- Redness, scaling, or thickening of the nipple or breast skin
- Nipple discharge that is not breast milk
- Pain in the breast that does not go away
When to See a Doctor
If you notice any of the above changes, or anything else that concerns you, see your doctor immediately. Do not panic. Many breast changes are not cancerous, but it is important to have them checked by a medical professional. Regular breast screenings, including mammograms, are also crucial for early detection, especially as you get older. Self-exams are complementary to, not a replacement for, these professional screenings.
Remember: Early Detection Saves Lives
Regular breast self-exams are an important part of being proactive about your health. By becoming familiar with your breasts and noticing any changes, you can help detect potential problems early, when they are most treatable.
FAQ:
Q: How often should I perform a breast self-exam?
A: Once a month is recommended, ideally a few days after your period ends.
Q: What if I find a lump? Should I panic?
A: Most lumps are not cancerous. See your doctor for a professional evaluation.
Q: Are self-exams a substitute for mammograms?
A: No. Self-exams are in addition to, not a replacement for, mammograms and other professional screenings.
external_links:
- https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer/ – NHS information on breast cancer.
