Learn How to Identify the Early Signs of a Stroke. Recognising stroke symptoms quickly can significantly improve treatment outcomes. Act FAST!

How to Identify the Early Signs of a Stroke

Recognising the early signs of a stroke is absolutely crucial. Prompt action can significantly reduce the long-term effects of a stroke and even save lives. A stroke, sometimes called a “brain attack,” occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. Knowing what to look for is the first step in getting someone the urgent medical attention they need.

Understanding the Acronym FAST

The most widely used and effective method for remembering the key stroke symptoms is the acronym FAST. Each letter represents a specific symptom, making it easier to recall and act upon. It’s imperative to remember these signs, not just for yourself but for the well-being of those around you.

• F – Face: Has their face fallen on one side? Can they smile? Has their mouth or eye drooped? This indicates facial weakness.
• A – Arms: Can they raise both arms and keep them there? Is one arm weak or numb? This signals arm weakness.
• S – Speech: Is their speech slurred or garbled? Can they understand you? Are they having difficulty finding the right words? This highlights speech problems.
• T – Time: Time is critical. If you see any of these signs, even if they disappear, call emergency services (999 in the UK) immediately. Note the time the symptoms started.

Other Important Symptoms to Watch Out For

While FAST covers the most common signs, other symptoms can also indicate a stroke and shouldn’t be ignored.

• Sudden Weakness or Numbness: This can affect the face, arm, or leg, usually on one side of the body.
• Sudden Vision Problems: This might include blurred vision, double vision, or a sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes.
• Sudden Severe Headache: A sudden, severe headache with no known cause, often described as the “worst headache of my life,” can be a sign.
• Sudden Dizziness or Loss of Balance: Feeling unsteady on your feet, having trouble walking, or experiencing a loss of balance can indicate a stroke, particularly if accompanied by other symptoms.
• Confusion or Trouble Understanding: Sudden difficulty understanding speech or instructions, or experiencing confusion, should be taken seriously.

Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) – A Warning Sign

A Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA), sometimes called a “mini-stroke,” produces symptoms similar to a stroke, but these symptoms are temporary and usually last only a few minutes to a few hours. While the symptoms resolve, a TIA is a serious warning sign that a full stroke may occur in the future. Anyone experiencing TIA symptoms should seek immediate medical attention. Treating a TIA can significantly reduce the risk of a subsequent stroke.

What To Do If You Suspect a Stroke

If you suspect someone is having a stroke, the most important thing is to act quickly.

• Call 999 Immediately: Explain the situation clearly and mention that you suspect a stroke. Emphasise the time the symptoms started.
• Stay with the Person: Monitor their condition and reassure them.
• Note the Time: The time the symptoms began is vital information for medical professionals.
• Do Not Give Food or Drink: Do not give the person anything to eat or drink, as they may have difficulty swallowing.
• Be Prepared to Provide Information: Be ready to tell the ambulance crew or doctor about the person’s medical history, any medications they are taking, and any allergies they have.

Risk Factors for Stroke

Understanding the risk factors for stroke can help you take steps to reduce your own risk. Some key risk factors include:

• High Blood Pressure: This is a major risk factor that can be managed through lifestyle changes and medication.
• High Cholesterol: High cholesterol levels can lead to the build-up of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of stroke.
• Smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.
• Diabetes: Diabetes increases the risk of stroke and other cardiovascular diseases.
• Atrial Fibrillation: This irregular heart rhythm can lead to blood clots that travel to the brain and cause a stroke.
• Family History: Having a family history of stroke increases your risk.
• Age: The risk of stroke increases with age.

By understanding the signs and symptoms of a stroke, acting FAST, and addressing your own risk factors, you can play a vital role in improving outcomes for yourself and others. Remember, time is brain.

FAQ:

Q: What is the most important thing to do if I think someone is having a stroke?

A: Call 999 immediately and state that you suspect a stroke. Time is of the essence.

Q: Can stroke symptoms come and go?

A: Yes, sometimes, especially in a TIA (mini-stroke). Even if the symptoms disappear, seek immediate medical attention.

Q: What is the acronym to remember the key stroke symptoms?

A: The acronym is FAST (Face, Arms, Speech, Time).

external_links:

• https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stroke/: NHS Stroke Overview – Comprehensive information about stroke from the UK’s National Health Service.